Method of uniting articles



7 No Drawing.

Patented Dec. 8, 193 1 UNITED STATES PA ENT OFF-ICE.

JAMES F. WALSH, or nasal omen, am)" mm-F. chemo, or NEWARK, maw mnsmr,assrenons TO'CELLULOID coarona'non; A conrom'rron orrmw mam mmron ortime narrows This invention relates to the method of uniting articles bymeans of compositions containing Vin 1 compounds.

An object 0 our invention is to unite articles or sheets by means ofliquids or plastic masses containing vinyl compounds.

A further object of our invention is to prepare lenses or laminatedglass by the use of vinyl compounds. Other objects of our invention willappear from the following .de-

- tailed descriptlon.

As is well known, when vinyl compounds are exposed to light and/ orheat, and particularly to ultra violet'light, either in the absence orpresence of catalytic material, such as uranium salts, carbontetrachloride, benzoyl peroxide and the like, they become polymer izedand form products that vary inconsistency from viscous liquids todiflicultly soluble semisolids or solids, depending on the time andrapidity of the polymerization.

We have found that when unpolymerized I vinyl compounds, or partiallypolymerized vinyl compounds are applied to surfaces, and then arefurther pol erized, they form hard, firmly adherent an transparent filmsor'la-yers.

In accordance with our invention, articles or sheets of various naturesmay be united by theapplication of a liquid or 'lastic materialcontaining vinyl compoun s, and-the articles or sheets with the layer orfilm of'the material containing the vinyl compounds are exposed undersuch conditions as to form sheets or articles to be united. 7

Any suitable vinyl compound, that is, a

. compound having the group CH =CH therein, maybe used-in our invention.Of

the vinyl compounds that may be used, we prefer the vinyl acetate, butit is to be understood that other vinyl compounds such as thecompoundformed by the dehalogenating of a vinyl halide (say. vinylchloride) by means of zinc dust,

'alyl prop1onate,vinfl phosphate, vinyl phth ate, viny 5 bromide,-styrene (C,H,CH= CH which is vinylbenzene, or its compounds, etc.mabeused.

he vinyl compoundsmay be 1n the polymerized by hard and firmly adheringunions between the i v ,lamp, or n any othehsuitable manner. Catalyticassistants such as uranium salts,-carbon.

vinyl chlori e,-

Application filed 28, 1928. Serial No. 264,273.

unpolymerized state-either alone or in solution, as a cement, andafter-application between the sheets or articles to be united, may

- an /or catalysts, such as uranium salts, carbon tetrachloride orbenzoyl peroxide.

However, we prefer to use as the cement,

lymerized by light with or without heat a partially polymerizedvinylcompound,

preferably olymeriz'ed to .such an extent that it has t econsistency ofa jelly. This cement may I polymerize vinyl compounds, or it maycomprise one or more polymerized vinyl compoundsand other materials suchas solvents, ,solids,etc.' 3'.

, When partially polymerized products are used,'the sheets or articleswith a layer of the material containing the partially polymerized vinylcompounds, are pressed'and exposed to light and/or heat to further.olymerize the vinyl compounds to form ard, firmly adherent andtransparentlayers.

If desired; filling materials, efiect mateents, dyes, etc. maybe addedtorials, igm

the' soiiition orplastic masses containing the unpolymerized .orpartially polymerized vinyl compounds anydartistic or other e'fiectithatmay be desire applicationtothe sheets or articles to' be The vinylcompounds, eitherprior to their.-

consist solely of one or more 1 p in any amounts to produce united orsubsequent thereto -or both priorand subsequent to theirapphcation, maybe Such as is emitted rom a mercury vapor tion, the source of lightmaybe removed and; polymerization caused to proceed solely by ht, byultra violet light.

the use of heat. When the cement t a -is ap- I plied to the sheets orarticlescontains partially polymerized vinyl compounds, the completionof the polymerizationmay' be ac- F th'm 'lrin of'l ted las one an or e ag amina g s, f 6- Method I complished by nierely heating the articles,

with or without-pressure. Y Y

The comp 7 time consisting of or containing vinyl compound ma be-usedfor uniting articles of any desired s ape or form,- such as sheets,plates, slabs,qblocks, rods, bricks, or of any of hlpomplicatedshapes offinished articles ofany size. The articles to be joined may be. oiwoo'd, 'riietal, stone, brick, ceramic 1o material, rubber, celli1loid,natural or artificialre'sins, glass, cardboard, paper, leather onfabrics of all kinds such ascotton, silk,

wool,? etc.f= 1

However, -.because of the transparency, hardness, and'firm adherence ofthe polymeriz'ed vinyl compounds, their use for uniting glass such as inlens making, and particu larly for making laminated glass,is of greatinterest."

'form' of our invention, two or more sheets glass areunitedibyapplyingbetween them a 7 layer of. material containing eitherunpolymerized or artially. polymerizedvinyl compounds, an "thepolymerization allowed to proceed as-described'above' If the layercontaining vinyl compounds is sufliciently thick, a'shatterlessglassisformed. v

a In another form of our invention, one or more sheets'containingcellulose derivatives are coated by means of two or more ,layers orfilms of amaterial containing the vinyl 'conipounds,- and then placedbetween two or more sheets of glass, whereupon" the vinyl 3 compoundsare caused-to po ymerize to-cause .firmadhe'rence of the cellulosederivative sheets 'to the sheets of glassin any of the manners setIfortliabove, thus formin clear,

transparent and firmly stuck laminate glass, that is shatterless, andtherefore highly" adapted for use in automobilesand other vehicles orplaces, where the exigencies of safe require the use of such.shatterlessjglass.

and cellulose ethers. may be mentioned. Examples' of organic esters ofj'cellulose are cel- Of the cellulose. derivatives thatjmay be used, thecellulose nitrate,'and organicd'erivatives y of cellulose such asorganic esters ofcellulose 7 lulose acetate, cellulose formats,cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate; examples of j cellulose rethers are methyl cellulose, ethyl of, subjecting the same to pressureand polymerizing said vinyl compound in situ,

2'. Method in accordance with claim 1 wherein the vinyl compound is avinyl acetrite.

3. Method of uniting articles comprising applying a layer of a materialcontaining a partlally polymerized vinyl compound between the surfacesthereof, subjecting the same.to pressure and further polymerizing saidvinyl compound in situ.

4. Method in accordance with claim 3 wherein the vinyl compound is avinyl'acetate- I 5. Method of uniting articles of glass comprisingapplying a layer of a material containing1 a vinyl compound between thesurfaces t ereof, subjecting the same to pressure and polymerizing saidvinyl compound in situ.

in accordance with claim 5 wherein the vinyl compound is a vinylacetate. 7. Method in accordance with claim '5 wherein the olymerizationis eifec'ted by the action oflig t.

8. Method of making laminated glass comprising securing a sheetcontainin a derivative of cellulose between sheets of g ass by ap'plyinga layer of a material containing a vinyl compound between saidcellulose derivative 9. Method in accordance with claim '8 wherein thecellulose derivative is an' organic derivative of cellulose. a

:10. Method infaccordance with claim 8 wherein the cellulosederivativeis cellulose acetate. 7

-' 'ilL'Method in accordance with claim :gwher'einthe vinyl compound'isvinyl. acetate.

' Inltestimony whereof,'we have hereunto subscribed our names. 1

1 I JAMES F.-WALSH.

' RIGO F. CAPRIO.

cellulose, benzyl cellulose. 1However, we prefer to use celluloseacetate. m

- It is to be. .understood that the -foregoing detailed descriptionis'given merely by way of illustration and that many-variationsmay bemadetherein without departing from the spirit ofthis invention; Havingdescribed our invention what'we compound between thesurfaces there'-claim and desire a secure by Letters. Patent I 1. Method-of unitingarticles comprising ymg a layer of. a material containing a

